كيف يمكن للبراكين ان تلوث الهواء. أسباب تلوث الهواء

; Kessler, Richard; Gerlach, Terrence M Integrated Global Greenhouse Gas Information System IG3IS WMO and its partners in the Global Atmosphere Watch GAW are developing a new approach to tracking greenhouse gas emissions in support of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change UNFCCC and its Paris Agreement
Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society University of California — Davis April 25, 2008

Sand and dust storms are common meteorological hazards in arid and semi-arid regions.

البراكين وتأثيرها على البيئة
By providing an additional way of identifying and estimating urban and national emissions, this approach seeks to empower policymakers to take more effective action on mitigation
البراكين وتأثيرها على البيئة
They are usually caused by thunderstorms — or strong pressure gradients associated with cyclones — which increase wind speed over a wide area
المخاطر البركانية
These strong winds lift large amounts of sand and dust from bare, dry soils into the atmosphere, transporting them hundreds to thousands of kilometres away
The animations can be viewed below and on the O'Hanlon, Larry March 14, 2005
Jelle Zeilinga de Boer, Donald Theodore Sanders 2002 Living With Volcanoes USGS 18•

WMO has produced three animations to explain how this works.

المخاطر البركانية
High-resolution versions can be requested from
البيئة
When Life Nearly Died: The Greatest Mass Extinction of All Time
المخاطر البركانية
"Extreme Natural Hazards, Disaster Risks and Societal Implications, Zadeh et al Cambridge University Press, 17