| Read more on the page | 4; 131 countries in the bottom tier; weaknesses among even high-income countries• Compliance with international norms: Commitments to improving national capacity, financing plans to address gaps, and adhering to global norms 6 |
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| Domestic financing for health security should be urgently increased, made transparent, and tied to benchmarks within national action plans | Public and private organizations should invest a percentage of their sustainable development and health security portfolios in the area of biosecurity |
Health security preparedness financing should be tracked by a specific, globally recognized entity and briefed annually to heads of state.
5| Countries should regularly undergo and publish a WHO JEE to increase transparency around global health security capacities and capabilities | National public and animal health authorities should coordinate during the development of NAPHS and should incorporate a One Health approach as part of pandemic planning and national disaster preparedness and response efforts |
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| The full report offers 33 recommendations to address the gaps identified by the index | National governments should commit to take action to address health security risks |
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| Managing Global Health Security: The World Health Organization and Disease Outbreak Control | International leaders should examine the availability of financing to support rapid and complete outbreak response |
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| New financing mechanisms should be established to fill preparedness gaps, such as a new multilateral global health security matching fund; and expansion of World Bank International Development Association IDA allocations to include preparedness | Detection and Reporting: Early detection and reporting for epidemics of potential international concern 3 |
Rapid Response: Rapid response to and mitigation of the spread of an epidemic 4.