كريستوفر كولومبوس. أسرار رحلته لأمريكا التي لم يكتشفها.. وخسارته لألقابه بسبب سكان الهند

; Pino, Mario; Collins, Michael B	The route was long and arduous, and encounters with hostile armies were difficult to avoid
Meanwhile, the native Taino population, forced to search for gold and to work on plantations, was decimated within 60 years after Columbus landed, only a few hundred of what may have been 250,000 Taino were left on their island	That is, it dates back to early Rome

Columbus and modern historians, Praeger, New York, Westport, London 1991; Zinn, Howard 1980.

كريستوفر كولومبوس: الخرافة التي ما زالت مستمرة
كريستوفر كولومبوس: الخرافة التي ما زالت مستمرة: A People's History of the United States, HarperCollins 2001
كريستوفر كولومبوس .. أول مستكشف أوروبى: Today, —he is remembered as a daring and path-breaking explorer who transformed the New World, yet his actions also unleashed changes that would eventually devastate the native populations he and his fellow explorers encountered

He was determined to find a direct water route west from Europe to Asia, but he never did	; Lightfoot, Kent; McManamon, Francis; Milner, George 2009
In January 1493, leaving several dozen men behind in a makeshift settlement on Hispaniola present-day Haiti and the Dominican Republic , he left for Spain	Old World wheat became an American food staple

Sellier,; Remote Kingdoms by Tertius Chandler; The Key by John Philip Cohane; Gods of the Cataclysm: A Revolutionary Investigation of Man and his Gods before and after the Great Cataclysm by Hugh Fox".

كريستوفر كولومبوس: سيرة ذاتية ، مشاريع ، رحلات ، موت: "Maize ears sculptured in 12th and 13th century A
حقائق عن الرحالة كريستوفر كولومبوس تحوله الى طاغية: READ MORE: He kept a detailed diary during his first voyage
كريستوفر كولومبوس: Conditions were so bad that Spanish authorities had to send a new governor to take over

This time, Columbus made it all the way to Panama—just miles from the Pacific Ocean—where he had to abandon two of his four ships after damage from storms and hostile natives	He argued incorrectly that the circumference of the Earth was much smaller than his contemporaries believed it was; accordingly, he believed that the journey by boat from Europe to Asia should be not only possible, but comparatively easy via an as-yet undiscovered
Columbus, a devout Catholic, was equally enthusiastic about this possibility	The Columbian Exchange transferred people, animals, food and disease across cultures

Xu, Origin of the Olmec civilization.

معلومات عن كريستوفر كولومبوس: Ferdinand and Isabella wanted the same, along with the opportunity to export Catholicism to lands across the globe
كريستوفر كولومبوس .. أول مستكشف أوروبى: Wells, Spencer; Read, Mark 2002
رحلات كولومبوس: Pace, Eric April 9, 2001