, describing Mongol invaders' use of them on February 15 to capture the city of Baghdad | Chase, Kenneth 2003 , Firearms: A Global History to 1700, Cambridge University Press,• Original from the University of Michigan |
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1610, adopted from the Italian term | , History of Rocketry and Astronautics - Proceedings of the Twentieth and Twenty-First History Symposia of the International Academy of Astronautics, AAS History Series, Vol |
International Journal of Engineering IJE.
17Original from the University of Michigan | Rough Translation: [Year 1232] Among the weaponry at the defense city [Kaifeng] are the "thundercrash", which were made of iron pot, and filled with drugs [black powder], when lighted with fire, it exploded, making a noise like thunder |
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: San Diego, 1993 , pp | Original from the University of California |
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21Original from the University of Michigan | Original from the University of Michigan |
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at the US National Park Service, Fort McHenry National Monument and Historic Shrine | Original from the University of Michigan |
Edgerton, David 2012 , Penguin Books, p.